Learn About Lithium Battery Protective Board

By Gerald, Updated on February 21, 2024

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Part 1. What is a lithium battery protection board?

The lithium battery protection board is a core component of the intelligent management system for lithium-ion batteries. Its main functions include overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, over-temperature protection, over-current protection, etc., to ensure the safe use of the battery and extend its service life.

With the rapid development of the new energy market, lithium batteries have been widely used due to their advantages, such as high energy density and no memory effect. Lithium battery protection boards, as their safety guards, have also received more and more attention and research.

Part 2. Principle of the battery protection board

Lithium battery protection boards usually contain microcontrollers, MOS tubes, resistors, capacitors, and other electronic components. Its working principle is based on real-time monitoring and control of battery voltage, current, and other parameters.

The microcontroller will send a control signal when the battery voltage and current exceed or fall below the set threshold. The MOS tube is turned on or off to control the charge and discharge of the battery.

Part 3. How does the lithium battery protection board protect the battery?

1. Overcharge protection

The protection board automatically cuts off the charging circuit when the battery is charged to the set voltage. Prevent battery overcharging.

2. Over-discharge protection

The protection board automatically cuts off the discharge circuit when the battery discharges to the set voltage. Prevent the battery from over-discharging.

3. Over-temperature protection

The protection board automatically cuts off the charge and discharge circuit when the battery temperature is too high or too low. Prevent the battery from being damaged due to abnormal temperature.

4. Overcurrent protection

When the battery charging and discharging current is too large, the protection board will automatically cut off the charging and discharging circuit. Prevent the battery from being damaged by excessive current.

Part 4. 7 Important parameters of the battery protection board

Important technical parameters of lithium battery protection boards include overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, over-current protection, short-circuit protection, temperature protection, internal resistance, power consumption, etc.

Overcharge protection: overcharge detection voltage, overcharge detection delay time, overcharge release voltage.
Over-discharge protection: over-discharge detection voltage, over-discharge detection delay time, over-discharge release voltage.
Overcurrent protection: charging overcurrent protection current, charging overcurrent detection delay time, charging overcurrent release delay time, discharge overcurrent protection current, discharge overcurrent detection delay time, and discharge overcurrent release delay time.
Short circuit protection: protection conditions, external circuit short circuit, detection delay time, protection release delay time.
Temperature protection: There is an interface, and a restorable temperature protection switch needs to be installed.
Internal resistance: It is related to the lithium battery’s type and capacity and is an important parameter for evaluating battery performance.
Power consumption includes static power consumption and maximum operating current. Static power consumption refers to the power consumed by the circuit when there is no load on the protection board. The maximum operating current refers to the maximum current that the protection board allows to pass while ensuring the safety of the battery.

In addition, the balance current and starting point are also important parameters for the lithium battery protection board. The balancing current represents the average operating current of each battery cell in the battery pack. The equilibrium starting point means that the voltage difference of each battery cell in the battery pack cannot exceed a certain set value.

The selection of these parameters will affect the working effect and safety of the lithium battery protection board, so it needs to be selected and configured according to specific needs in actual applications.

Part 5. What would happen if the lithium battery had no PCB?

1. Overcharging

If the battery exceeds the normal charging voltage when charging, the internal pressure of the battery will increase, leading to the risk of the battery case rupturing, catching fire or even exploding.

2. Over discharge

If a battery is overused, the battery’s voltage will drop to a very low level. This may cause the battery to no longer be rechargeable, or even cause permanent damage to the battery.

3. Short circuit

If there is a short circuit between the two poles of the battery, the current inside the battery will increase sharply, leading to the risk of overheating, fire or explosion of the battery.

4. High temperature

Lithium batteries in high-temperature environments are prone to oxidation and heat generation, which may even lead to the risk of battery fire or explosion.

5. Too long charging time

If the battery is charged for too long, the internal pressure of the battery may increase, which may cause the battery case to rupture, catch fire or explode.

Part 6. Development trend of lithium battery protection board

1. High integration

In the future, lithium battery protection boards will develop towards high integration. To achieve a smaller size and lighter weight, it can meet the needs of various portable devices. At the same time, high integration can also improve the reliability of the protection board and reduce the failure rate.

2. Multifunctionality

In addition to basic overcharge, over-discharge, over-current, and over-temperature protection, future lithium battery protection boards will also integrate more functions, such as power estimation, balanced charging, etc. These features will help improve the efficiency and management of lithium batteries.

3. Intelligent

With the development of technologies like the Internet of Things and cloud computing, future lithium battery protection boards will be more intelligent. By connecting to smart devices, the protection board can monitor the status and environmental conditions of the battery in real-time, providing users with a more convenient and safer battery usage experience.

At the same time, through big data analysis and artificial intelligence technology, the protection board can realize intelligent management of the battery and extend its service life.

4. Improvement of safety performance

As the application scope of lithium batteries expands, the requirements for their safety performance are also getting higher and higher. In the future, lithium battery protection boards will pay more attention to improving safety performance and adopt more advanced detection and control technology to ensure the safe use of batteries.

5. Use of environmentally friendly materials

With the improvement of environmental awareness, future lithium battery protection boards will pay more attention to using environmentally friendly materials. Protective boards made of environmentally friendly materials are not only environmentally friendly. Still, they can also reduce production costs and promote the sustainable development of the lithium battery industry.

Part 7. Conclusion

Lithium battery protection boards play an important role in ensuring the safe use of lithium batteries and extending their service life. With the rapid development of the new energy market and the continuous innovation of related technologies, the application prospects of lithium battery protection boards are very broad.

As a lithium battery manufacturer with many years of R&D and production experience, Ufine Battery will also work towards more efficient, safer, and smarter lithium battery protection boards in the future, injecting new vitality into the development of the new energy industry.

At the same time, Ufine will also pay more attention to environmental protection issues and promote the development of the lithium battery protection board industry in a more environmentally friendly direction.

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